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MDIG(1)                             BIND 9                             MDIG(1)

NAME
       mdig - DNS pipelined lookup utility

SYNOPSIS
       mdig  {@server}  [-f  filename]  [-h] [-v] [ [-4] | [-6] ] [-m] [-b ad-
       dress] [-p port#] [-c class] [-t type] [-i] [-x addr] [plusopt...]

       mdig {-h}

       mdig [@server] {global-opt...} { {local-opt...} {query} ...}

DESCRIPTION
       mdig is a multiple/pipelined query version of dig: instead  of  waiting
       for  a  response  after  sending  each  query, it begins by sending all
       queries. Responses are displayed in the order in  which  they  are  re-
       ceived, not in the order the corresponding queries were sent.

       mdig  options  are  a  subset  of the dig options, and are divided into
       "anywhere options," which can occur anywhere, "global  options,"  which
       must  occur before the query name (or they are ignored with a warning),
       and "local options," which apply to the next query on the command line.

       The @server option is a mandatory global option. It is the name  or  IP
       address of the name server to query. (Unlike dig, this value is not re-
       trieved from /etc/resolv.conf.) It can  be  an  IPv4  address  in  dot-
       ted-decimal notation, an IPv6 address in colon-delimited notation, or a
       hostname. When the supplied server argument is  a  hostname,  mdig  re-
       solves that name before querying the name server.

       mdig  provides  a number of query options which affect the way in which
       lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of these set or  reset
       flag bits in the query header, some determine which sections of the an-
       swer get printed, and others determine the timeout  and  retry  strate-
       gies.

       Each  query  option  is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign
       (+). Some keywords set or reset an option. These may be preceded by the
       string  no to negate the meaning of that keyword. Other keywords assign
       values to options like the timeout interval. They have the  form  +key-
       word=value.

ANYWHERE OPTIONS
       -f     This  option  makes mdig operate in batch mode by reading a list
              of lookup requests to process from the file filename.  The  file
              contains  a  number  of queries, one per line. Each entry in the
              file should be organized in the same way they would be presented
              as queries to mdig using the command-line interface.

       -h     This option causes mdig to print detailed help information, with
              the full list of options, and exit.

       -v     This option causes mdig to print the version number and exit.

GLOBAL OPTIONS
       -4     This option forces mdig to only use IPv4 query transport.

       -6     This option forces mdig to only use IPv6 query transport.

       -b address
              This option sets the source IP address of the query to  address.
              This must be a valid address on one of the host's network inter-
              faces or "0.0.0.0" or "::". An optional port may be specified by
              appending "#<port>"

       -m     This option enables memory usage debugging.

       -p port#
              This  option  is  used  when a non-standard port number is to be
              queried. port# is the port number that mdig  sends  its  queries
              to,  instead  of the standard DNS port number 53. This option is
              used to test a name server that has been  configured  to  listen
              for queries on a non-standard port number.

       The global query options are:

       +additional, +noadditional
              This  option  displays [or does not display] the additional sec-
              tion of a reply. The default is to display it.

       +all, +noall
              This option sets or clears all display flags.

       +answer, +noanswer
              This option displays [or does not display] the answer section of
              a reply. The default is to display it.

       +authority, +noauthority
              This option displays [or does not display] the authority section
              of a reply. The default is to display it.

       +besteffort, +nobesteffort
              This option attempts to display [or does not display]  the  con-
              tents  of  messages  which  are malformed. The default is to not
              display malformed answers.

       +burst This option delays queries until the start of the next second.

       +cl, +nocl
              This option displays [or does not display] the CLASS when print-
              ing the record.

       +comments, +nocomments
              This  option toggles the display of comment lines in the output.
              The default is to print comments.

       +continue, +nocontinue
              This option toggles continuation on errors (e.g. timeouts).

       +crypto, +nocrypto
              This option toggles  the  display  of  cryptographic  fields  in
              DNSSEC  records. The contents of these fields are unnecessary to
              debug most DNSSEC validation failures and removing them makes it
              easier to see the common failures. The default is to display the
              fields. When omitted, they are replaced by  the  string  "[omit-
              ted]";  in  the  DNSKEY case, the key ID is displayed as the re-
              placement, e.g., [ key id = value ].

       +dscp=value
              This option formerly set the DSCP  value  used  when  sending  a
              query.  It is now obsolete, and has no effect.

       +multiline, +nomultiline
              This  option  toggles printing of records, like the SOA records,
              in a verbose multi-line format with human-readable comments. The
              default  is to print each record on a single line, to facilitate
              machine parsing of the mdig output.

       +question, +noquestion
              This option prints [or does not print] the question section of a
              query  when  an  answer is returned. The default is to print the
              question section as a comment.

       +rrcomments, +norrcomments
              This option toggles the display of per-record  comments  in  the
              output (for example, human-readable key information about DNSKEY
              records). The default is not to  print  record  comments  unless
              multiline mode is active.

       +short, +noshort
              This  option  provides [or does not provide] a terse answer. The
              default is to print the answer in a verbose form.

       +split=W
              This option splits long hex- or base64-formatted fields  in  re-
              source  records  into chunks of W characters (where W is rounded
              up to the nearest multiple of 4). +nosplit  or  +split=0  causes
              fields  not  to  be  split.  The default is 56 characters, or 44
              characters when multiline mode is active.

       +tcp, +notcp
              This option uses [or  does  not  use]  TCP  when  querying  name
              servers. The default behavior is to use UDP.

       +ttlid, +nottlid
              This option displays [or does not display] the TTL when printing
              the record.

       +ttlunits, +nottlunits
              This option displays [or does not display] the TTL  in  friendly
              human-readable time units of "s", "m", "h", "d", and "w", repre-
              senting seconds, minutes, hours, days, and weeks.  This  implies
              +ttlid.

       +vc, +novc
              This  option  uses  [or  does  not  use]  TCP when querying name
              servers. This alternate syntax to +tcp is provided for backwards
              compatibility. The vc stands for "virtual circuit".

LOCAL OPTIONS
       -c class
              This  option  sets the query class to class. It can be any valid
              query class which is supported in  BIND  9.  The  default  query
              class is "IN".

       -t type
              This  option  sets  the  query type to type. It can be any valid
              query type which is supported in BIND 9. The default query  type
              is  "A",  unless the -x option is supplied to indicate a reverse
              lookup with the "PTR" query type.

       -x addr
              Reverse lookups - mapping addresses to names - are simplified by
              this option. addr is an IPv4 address in dotted-decimal notation,
              or a colon-delimited IPv6 address. mdig automatically performs a
              lookup  for  a query name like 11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa and sets
              the query type and class to PTR and IN respectively. By default,
              IPv6  addresses  are  looked  up  using  nibble format under the
              IP6.ARPA domain.

       The local query options are:

       +aaflag, +noaaflag
              This is a synonym for +aaonly, +noaaonly.

       +aaonly, +noaaonly
              This sets the aa flag in the query.

       +adflag, +noadflag
              This sets [or does not set] the AD (authentic data) bit  in  the
              query. This requests the server to return whether all of the an-
              swer and authority sections have all been validated  as  secure,
              according  to  the security policy of the server. AD=1 indicates
              that all records have been validated as secure and the answer is
              not  from  a OPT-OUT range. AD=0 indicates that some part of the
              answer was insecure or not validated.  This bit is  set  by  de-
              fault.

       +bufsize=B
              This  sets the UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0 to
              B bytes. The maximum and minimum sizes of this buffer are  65535
              and  0 respectively. Values outside this range are rounded up or
              down appropriately. Values other than zero cause a EDNS query to
              be sent.

       +cdflag, +nocdflag
              This  sets  [or  does not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in
              the query. This requests the server to not perform DNSSEC  vali-
              dation of responses.

       +cookie=####, +nocookie
              This  sends [or does not send] a COOKIE EDNS option, with an op-
              tional value. Replaying a COOKIE from a previous response allows
              the  server  to  identify a previous client. The default is +no-
              cookie.

       +dnssec, +nodnssec
              This requests that DNSSEC records be sent by setting the  DNSSEC
              OK  (DO)  bit in the OPT record in the additional section of the
              query.

       +edns[=#], +noedns
              This specifies [or does not specify] the EDNS version  to  query
              with.  Valid  values  are  0  to  255.  Setting the EDNS version
              causes an EDNS query to be sent.  +noedns clears the  remembered
              EDNS version. EDNS is set to 0 by default.

       +ednsflags[=#], +noednsflags
              This sets the must-be-zero EDNS flag bits (Z bits) to the speci-
              fied value.  Decimal, hex, and  octal  encodings  are  accepted.
              Setting  a named flag (e.g. DO) is silently ignored. By default,
              no Z bits are set.

       +ednsopt[=code[:value]], +noednsopt
              This specifies [or does not specify] an EDNS  option  with  code
              point  code  and  an  optional payload of value as a hexadecimal
              string. +noednsopt clears the EDNS options to be sent.

       +expire, +noexpire
              This toggles sending of an EDNS Expire option.

       +nsid, +nonsid
              This toggles inclusion of an EDNS name server  ID  request  when
              sending a query.

       +recurse, +norecurse
              This  toggles  the  setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit in
              the query.  This bit is set by default, which  means  mdig  nor-
              mally sends recursive queries.

       +retry=T
              This  sets the number of times to retry UDP queries to server to
              T instead of the default, 2. Unlike +tries, this  does  not  in-
              clude the initial query.

       +subnet=addr[/prefix-length], +nosubnet
              This  sends [or does not send] an EDNS Client Subnet option with
              the specified IP address or network prefix.

       mdig +subnet=0.0.0.0/0, or simply mdig +subnet=0
              This sends an EDNS client-subnet option with  an  empty  address
              and  a  source  prefix-length  of zero, which signals a resolver
              that the client's address information must not be used when  re-
              solving this query.

       +timeout=T
              This  sets  the  timeout  for  a query to T seconds. The default
              timeout is 5 seconds for UDP transport and 10 for  TCP.  An  at-
              tempt  to  set  T to less than 1 results in a query timeout of 1
              second being applied.

       +tries=T
              This sets the number of times to try UDP queries to server to  T
              instead  of  the default, 3. If T is less than or equal to zero,
              the number of tries is silently rounded up to 1.

       +udptimeout=T
              This sets the timeout between UDP query retries to T.

       +unknownformat, +nounknownformat
              This prints [or does not print] all  RDATA  in  unknown  RR-type
              presentation  format  (see  RFC  3597).  The default is to print
              RDATA for known types in the type's presentation format.

       +yaml, +noyaml
              This toggles printing of the responses in a detailed  YAML  for-
              mat.

       +zflag, +nozflag
              This  sets [or does not set] the last unassigned DNS header flag
              in a DNS query.  This flag is off by default.

SEE ALSO
       dig(1), RFC 1035.

AUTHOR
       Internet Systems Consortium

COPYRIGHT
       2024, Internet Systems Consortium

9.18.18-0ubuntu0.22.04.2-Ubuntu   2023-08-04                           MDIG(1)
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